Dr. Muhammad Zubair is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, where he has been teaching since 2007. He earned his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Peshawar, with part of his doctoral research conducted at the University of Freiburg, Germany. He also pursued a postdoctoral fellowship at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA, under the HEC fellowship program. Dr. Zubair has published over 30 research articles in national and international journals and has successfully supervised 4 PhD and 15 MPhil scholars. His research interests focus on politics, religion, culture, ethnicity, and economy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan borderland, particularly within the Pakhtun region.